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Saint Paul's Church, built in 1739, occupies a unique place in Norfolk's
history, in that it is the only link between modern Norfolk and the city's
colonial origins. The church continues to be not only a reminder of our
past, but a living church as well.
In the 1620's, settlement began on the land that would eventually become
the county of Norfolk, and about 1637 the Elizabeth River Parish was
created. The first recorded minister was the Reverend John Wilson. The
earliest "Parish Church" was erected between 1638 and 1640 at
"Mr. Sewell's Point" (on or near the grounds of the modem [modern]
Norfolk Naval Base). However, this location was inconvenient for colonists
who lived in the Elizabeth River region, which was rapidly becoming the
population center of the parish. The colonists agreed to pay the Reverend
Thomas Harrison 100 pounds a year, for preaching at a new "Chapel of
Ease," a building that would be easier for people to attend. Like most
buildings of the day, both the Parish Church at Sewell's Point and the
Elizabeth River Chapel were constructed of wood.
In 1686, glebe land (parish land) of about one hundred acres was granted
to the parish by Governor Howard of Virginia to support a minister and the
parish. By 1700 [no, 1690], a brick and wood building had replaced the
earlier "Chapel of Ease," and it had become the Parish Church. The
church was erected in the southeast corner of the church yard (the corner of
what is now Saint Paul's Boulevard and City Hall Avenue). In 1701, Samuel
Boush, who was one of the church leaders, had a chalice made in London to
present "the Parish Church of Norfolke Towne."
Around 1736, Norfolk Borough was established by Royal Charter, and Samuel
Boush was chosen as the first mayor. By 1738 the old church had become
inadequate for the needs of the thriving Borough, and the vestry decided to
erect a more suitable structure. The new church was based on the cruciform
design, which had first been used in Virginia in 1715 at Bruton Parish
Church in Williamsburg. In keeping with 18th century Virginia standards,
emphasis was placed on balance and restraint, so the church was not highly
decorated. The church was completed by 1739, and the date was picked out in
bricks over the south transept door. The churchyard wall was built in 1751.
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By 1857, the turret had disappeared, but it was replaced by
a wooden tower on the northeast It too has gone.
On January 1, 1776, Norfolk was shelled by ships commanded by Lord Dunmore,
the last Colonial Governor of Virginia. A cannonball lodged in the
southeastern corner of the church. Not long after Dunmore's attack, Norfolk
was burned by Virginia patriots. The church walls remained standing, though
the rest of the structure was destroyed. Hessian troops used the burnt out
church in 1781 as a fort. The church was rebuilt in 1785-1786, and thus
remains as the only relic of colonial Norfolk. In 1840, a cannonball
believed to be one which had lodged in the wall of the church, was
discovered underground, beneath a depression in the wall. The ball was
replaced in the hole and remains there today.
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During the Revolution, the Church of England became disestablished in
Virginia, and the Protestant Episcopal Church in America was incorporated.
In 1789, Elizabeth River Parish divided into two quarreling congregations;
one congregation formed what would eventually become Christ Church (an
ancestor to the present Christ and Saint Luke's); the other congregation
remaining in possession of the building until 1803. The old church was then
occupied by Baptist congregations from 1805 to 1827 before it was reopened
as an Episcopal church of worship. In 1832, the old church was reconsecrated
under the name Saint Paul's by Bishop Richard Channing Moore.
During the Civil War, Norfolk was occupied by federal forces and Saint
Paul's became a Union Army chapel. Seven months after General Robert E. Lee
surrendered, the building was returned to the parish. It required many
repairs, and received an elaborate Victorian interior in the style of the
day. A vestry room was added at the northeast corner in 1877, the present
tower was added in 1901, and a parish house was built in 1909.
In 1912-1913, the church's interior was restored to its Colonial style,
and in the 1980's, under the direction of the Rev. Hugh White, further
changes were made, with hand-made glass windows and a period reredos
(altarpiece) from the 1750's donated by Saint John's Church in Hampton.
Today, Saint Paul's continues its long history as an urban center of
worship and ministry, drawing members from all parts of the Hampton Roads
community. We invite you to share the rich heritage of our Church, our commitment
to the present and our hope for the future.
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